REKONSTRUKSI KONSEP KAFA’AH DALAM PERKAWINAN ADAT MINANGKABAU: ANALISIS MAQASID AL-SYARIAH

Abstrak

This study aims to analyze the concept of kafa'ah in Islamic jurisprudence and its relevance to marriage compatibility practices in Minangkabau society through the perspective of maqasid al-shari'ah. The research employs a qualitative approach through field research in Batusangkar conducted in November-December 2025. Data were collected through in-depth interviews with 12 informants consisting of ninik mamak (traditional elders), religious leaders, married couples, and local academics, then analyzed descriptively-qualitatively using a thematic approach. Results indicate that all respondents (100%) prioritize religion and morals as the primary compatibility criteria, followed by economy (91.7%), lineage and ethnicity (83.3%), mental readiness (58.3%), and education (58.3%). These findings demonstrate strong compatibility between the concept of kafa'ah in Islamic jurisprudence and Minangkabau customary practices. Maqasid al-shari'ah analysis reveals that Minangkabau compatibility practices reflect efforts to preserve the five fundamental objectives of shari'ah: hifz al-din, hifz al-nafs, hifz al-'aql, hifz al-nasl, and hifz al-mal. The philosophy "Adat basandi syarak, syarak basandi Kitabullah" proves to be not merely a slogan but a principle genuinely manifested in partner selection practices, despite shifts in customary values such as weakening ninik mamak authority and reduced emphasis on lineage factors.