Praktik Fikih Muamalah dalam Permodalan Pertanian pada Masyarakat Pedesaan di Kabupaten Tanggamus

Abstrak

Capital is a vital component of the agricultural sector, particularly for rural communities whose livelihoods depend on farming. However, in Ulu Belu District, Tanggamus Regency, coffee agricultural financing practices remain heavily shaped by local traditions, raising important questions regarding their conformity with Islamic Financial Law. This study examines the integration of capital loans (qardh) with mandatory crop-selling requirements, a financing arrangement that may be interpreted as qardh jarra manfa'ah (loans generating unilateral benefits) and potentially constitutes a form of hidden usury (riba khafi) that weakens farmers' bargaining position. Using a qualitative approach involving observations and in-depth interviews, the study identifies three interrelated factors underlying the persistence of this mu'amalah practice: limited educational attainment, which restricts access to religious and financial literacy; the influence of local cultural norms, whereby transactions are considered valid solely on the basis of mutual consent (an-taradhin) and the absence of explicit interest, while overlooking the essential principles of Islamic contracts; and the persistence of hereditary practices, in which informal transactions continue to rely on inherited oral traditions and personal trust. These findings underscore the need for systematic efforts to strengthen sharia financial literacy within the community. Enhancing the religious and financial awareness of the younger generation is expected to facilitate the gradual transformation of traditional financing practices into more equitable and sharia-compliant models that better support the long-term welfare of coffee farmers.