A Quranic Framework for the Integrated Economy of Hajj

Abstrak

While the Hajj pilgrimage has significant economic dimensions, these are often underexamined from a theological perspective. This study aims to delineate the economic benefits of the Hajj as an integral component of its divine design. Adopting a qualitative, library-based methodology, this research performs a thematic analysis of the exegesis (tafsīr) of key Quranic passages, primarily from Surah Āli 'Imrān, Surah Al-Baqarah, and Surah Al-Hajj, to construct a holistic economic framework. The findings reveal a consistent Quranic theme that integrates economic activity into the pilgrimage. This is presented in a three-phase model: (1) Pre-Hajj economic mobilization, divinely catalyzed by the principle of financial capability (istiṭā'ah); (2) During-Hajj commerce, explicitly sanctioned as seeking "bounty" and witnessing "benefits" (manāfi'); and (3) a Post-Hajj sustained global economic cycle, rooted in the Quranic vision of a worldwide gathering. The central argument is that these economic facets are not incidental but are foundational to the Hajj's divinely ordained purpose. This study contributes a robust theological framework that moves beyond the spiritual-versus-material debate, establishing the Hajj as an integrated spiritual-economic institution that requires a holistic understanding.