Bronchopneumonia and Multiorgan Dysfunction in a 10-month-old Infant with Down Syndrome

Abstrak

Background: Common chromosomal disorders like Down Syndrome (DS) are linked to a high rate of congenital abnormalities, especially hypothyroidism and congenital heart disease (CHD).Presentation Case: This case report presents a 10-month-old female with DS who was brought to the emergency department with respiratory distress, poor weight gain, and delayed development. Physical examination revealed characteristic dysmorphic features, hypotonia, and a systolic murmur. Investigations showed elevated TSH and FT4, consistent with congenital hypothyroidism, while echocardiography confirmed the presence of ASD.Discussion: This case illustrates the multisystem involvement commonly observed in Down syndrome, including congenital hypothyroidism and atrial septal defect, both of which are major contributors to morbidity and mortality. The co-occurrence of recurrent respiratory infections, heart disease, and endocrine dysfunction underscores the need for early screening, multidisciplinary management, and comprehensive care to improve outcomes in children with Down syndrome.Conclusion: Early detection of CHD and hypothyroidism in children with Down syndrome is essential to prevent complications and support optimal growth and development through timely, multidisciplinary intervention.