Fiqh al-Bīʾah and Restorative–Ecological Justice in Corporate Environmental Crimes

Abstrak

Corporate environmental crimes constitute a serious challenge to environmental law enforcement as they cause extensive ecosystem degradation, undermine human rights, and threaten the sustainability of present and future generations. Despite the existence of various legal instruments, the effectiveness of current enforcement policies in addressing corporate environmental crimes remains questionable. This study aims to analyze the effectiveness of law enforcement against corporate environmental crimes in Indonesia, examine environmental crime enforcement practices in other countries, particularly Canada, and formulate an integrative environmental law enforcement model that combines a restorative justice approach with the principles of Fiqh al-Bīʾah to ensure environmental restoration and community protection. This research employs a normative juridical method using statutory, conceptual, and comparative approaches. The study shows that, first, corporate environmental law enforcement in Indonesia is ineffective due to weak legal provisions, institutional inconsistency, and a legal culture that underestimates environmental damage. Second, in Canada, restorative justice frameworks exist but are limited in practice, with British Columbia adopting a more progressive approach through the Community Environmental Justice Forum involving offenders, affected communities, and authorities in ecological restoration. Third, integrating Fiqh al-Bīʾah with restorative justice strengthens ecological justice by emphasizing environmental recovery, ecosystem rehabilitation, and fair compensation, enhancing corporate accountability within a sustainable restorative framework.