Cytotoxic Potential of Red Ginger Rhizome Extract (Zingiber officinale var. rubrum) Against 4T1 Breast Cancer Cells

Abstrak

Background: 4T1 breast cancer is a type of Triple-Negative murine breast cancer (TNBC) that has a strong ability to metastasise. Plant metabolite compounds are one of the strategies that must be explored to develop breast cancer treatments. Red ginger rhizome is one of the candidate plants that have anticancer activity. Previously, cytotoxic studies have been conducted on Widr and HeLa cancer cells. However, research on breast cancer cells is still lacking, so it needs to be developed. Materials and Methods: This study aims to determine the potential cytotoxicity in vitro using the MTT test. The red ginger rhizome extract is obtained by maceration using 96% ethanol solvent, which is then analysed for secondary metabolite compounds. Results: The results showed that red ginger rhizome extract contains flavonoids, phenolic, alkaloid, saponin, and tannin compounds. While in the cytotoxic test, red ginger rhizome extract and doxorubicin have good cytotoxic potential with IC50 values of 69.86 µg/ml and 0.4 µg/ml, respectively. The red ginger rhizome extract and doxorubicin are classified as active and highly active cytotoxics. Conclusion: It can be concluded that red ginger rhizome extract shows cytotoxic potential as a therapeutic candidate that can inhibit the growth of 4T1 breast cancer cells by 50%. Therefore, red ginger rhizome extract has the potential to be further developed as a chemotherapeutic agent.