Development of Moral-Embedded Critical Reading Teaching Materials Based on A.A. Navis’s Short Stories

Abstrak

This article reports a research and development study that produced teaching materials for critical reading skills embedding moral messages derived from A.A. Navis’s short stories for eleventh-grade students at SMA Negeri 1 Batang Serangan in the 2024–2025 academic year. The study followed the Borg and Gall development cycle, involving stages of needs analysis, product design, expert validation, limited trials, revisions, and broader implementation. Data were collected through questionnaires for students and teachers, expert validation sheets, and essay tests assessing students’ critical reading performance. Descriptive analysis was used to determine feasibility and effectiveness. Expert validation indicated that the materials met criteria of content, presentation, and language feasibility with mean scores around 3.00–3.22 on a four-point scale, categorized as “good” and suitable for classroom trial. Needs analysis revealed that students and teachers strongly required moral-based critical reading materials, while classroom implementation showed that students’ average essay score reached 87 within the 81–100 range, indicating very good performance. Overall, the developed materials were deemed valid, practical, and effective in fostering students’ ability to distinguish facts and opinions, differentiate reality and fantasy, follow textual instructions, identify propaganda, and evaluate the coherence of ideas