KEBIJAKAN HUKUM PERTAMBANGAN DALAM MENGHADAPI ERA INDUSTRI 4.0 DI BIDANG TAMBANG EMAS

Abstrak

The technological developments of the Industry 4.0 era have brought transformations to the implementation of mining activities, including gold mining. The utilization of Artificial Intelligence, the Internet of Things, Big Data, Remote Sensing, Geographic Information Systems, and digital monitoring systems provides opportunities to enhance the effectiveness of mining management and supervision. However, these developments also pose legal challenges regarding licensing, supervision, data integration, transparency, environmental protection, and legal liability. This study aims to analyze mining law policies in regulating and supervising gold mining activities in the Industry 4.0 era, as well as to analyze the ideal direction of legal policy in utilizing technology to achieve effective, transparent, sustainable, and environmentally sound mining management. This study employs a normative juridical method with statutory, conceptual, and policy approaches. Primary, secondary, and tertiary legal materials are analyzed through a qualitative-juridical approach using descriptive-analytical and prescriptive methods. The results indicate that Indonesian mining policy has geared toward the digitalization of governance and supervision through the MODI, MOMS, MOMI, e-PNBP, and MinerbaOne systems. However, obstacles persist, such as sub-optimal data integration and validation, information security issues, and regulatory limitations in accommodating technological developments. Therefore, adaptive legal policies are required through integrated data-based governance, the utilization of digital technology, the strengthening of preventive and predictive supervision, transparency, public participation, and environmental protection.