STRATEGI MANAJEMEN KEUANGAN PEKERJA MIGRAN INDONESIA DI LUAR NEGERI: SEBUAH TINJAUAN KUALITATIF BERBASIS KUESIONER DARING

Abstrak

Indonesian Migrant Workers (PMI) play an important role in supporting family economic resilience through remittances sent regularly from destination countries. However, the increase in PMI income has not always been accompanied by optimal financial management skills, causing many migrant workers to continue experiencing economic difficulties after the end of their employment period. This study aims to analyze the financial management strategies of Indonesian Migrant Workers abroad based on the POAC approach (Planning, Organizing, Actuating, and Controlling) and to identify the factors influencing their financial decisions. The research employed a mixed methods approach with a dominant qualitative descriptive design. Data were collected online using Google Forms from January to March 2026 involving a sample of 120 migrant workers who had worked abroad for at least one year, particularly in Hong Kong and Japan. The sampling technique used convenience sampling through migrant worker communities on social media and WhatsApp groups. Quantitative data were analyzed using descriptive statistics, while qualitative data were analyzed through thematic analysis. The findings showed that family remittances became the primary priority in managing migrant workers’ income, with an average allocation of 25–50% of monthly earnings. Most respondents had implemented the planning and organizing functions effectively, particularly in setting long-term financial goals such as building houses, purchasing assets, and preparing business capital. However, the controlling function remained weak because many respondents did not consistently record their expenditures. This study concludes that financial literacy, family needs, and collectivist cultural values significantly influence the financial behavior of Indonesian migrant workers. Therefore, financial education and assistance programs are needed to support the long-term economic independence of migrant workers after returning to Indonesia. ABSTRAK Pekerja Migran Indonesia (PMI) memiliki kontribusi penting terhadap ketahanan ekonomi keluarga melalui remitansi yang dikirimkan secara rutin dari negara penempatan. Namun, peningkatan pendapatan PMI belum sepenuhnya diikuti oleh kemampuan pengelolaan keuangan yang optimal sehingga masih banyak PMI yang mengalami kesulitan ekonomi setelah masa kerja berakhir. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menganalisis strategi manajemen keuangan PMI di luar negeri berdasarkan pendekatan POAC (Planning, Organizing, Actuating, dan Controlling) serta mengidentifikasi faktor-faktor yang memengaruhi keputusan finansial PMI. Penelitian menggunakan pendekatan mixed methods dengan dominasi deskriptif kualitatif. Pengumpulan data dilakukan secara daring menggunakan Google Form pada Januari–Maret 2026 terhadap 120 sampel responden PMI yang bekerja atau pernah bekerja minimal satu tahun di luar negeri, khususnya di Hong Kong dan Jepang. Teknik pengambilan sampel menggunakan convenience sampling melalui komunitas PMI di media sosial dan grup WhatsApp. Data kuantitatif dianalisis menggunakan statistik deskriptif, sedangkan data kualitatif dianalisis melalui thematic analysis. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa remitansi keluarga menjadi prioritas utama dalam pengelolaan pendapatan PMI dengan alokasi rata-rata sebesar 25–50% dari pendapatan bulanan. Sebagian besar responden telah menerapkan fungsi planning dan organizing dengan cukup baik, terutama dalam penentuan tujuan finansial jangka panjang seperti pembangunan rumah, pembelian aset, dan modal usaha. Akan tetapi, fungsi controlling masih lemah karena sebagian responden belum melakukan pencatatan pengeluaran secara konsisten. Penelitian ini menyimpulkan bahwa literasi keuangan, kebutuhan keluarga, dan budaya kolektivisme memiliki pengaruh besar terhadap perilaku finansial PMI sehingga diperlukan program edukasi dan pendampingan keuangan untuk mendukung kemandirian ekonomi PMI setelah kembali ke Indonesia.