EVALUASI KADAR SEL CD4, VIRAL LOAD, DAN NEUTROPHIL LYMPHOCYTE RATIO (NLR) TERHADAP INFEKSI OPORTUNISTIK PADA PASIEN HIV/AIDS

Abstrak

ABSTRAK HIV adalah suatu virus RNA. Virus ini memiliki target sasaran sistem, dan tetap berada dalam tubuh host seumur hidup. Pasien HIV dapat menjadi Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome (AIDS) dan memicuterjadinya infeksi oportunistik (IO) . Tujuan penelitian adalah mengetahui pengaruh kadar CD4, Viral Load, dan NLR terhadap IO pasien HIV/AIDS. Penelitian ini menggunakan metode observasional analitik dengan pendekatan cross-sectional. Pengambilan data melalui rekam medis pasien HIV/AIDS di Poliklinik VCT admisi bulan September hingga November 2021. Besar sampel penelitian sebanyak 60 pasien, lalu data diuji dengan menggunakan Mann Whitney, Chi Square, dan Regresi Logistik Berganda. Hasil penelitian menyatakan bahwa sebanyak 24 (40%) subyek mengalami IO. Berdasarkan Uji Mann Whitney, kadar sel CD4 memiliki nilai p=0.00 (p<0.05) berhubungan secara statistik terhadap IO, serta berdasarkan Uji Regresi Logistik Berganda didapatkan kadar sel CD4 memiliki nilai OR= 0.985 dan Nagelkerke R Square=0.492 artinya pengaruh kadar sel CD4 sebesar 49% terhadap kejadian IO. Berdasarkan Uji Mann Whitney, kadar NLR memiliki nilai p=0.126 (p>0.05) artinya tidak berhubungan terhadap IO. Uji Mann Whitney, kadar Viral Load memiliki nilai p=0.039 (p<0.05), didapatkan perbedaan yang signifikan. Kesimpulan: Kejadian CD4 berpengaruh terhadap kejadian Infeksi Oportunistik pada pasien HIV, sedangkan viral load dan NLR tidak berpengaruh.   Kata Kunci: HIV/AIDS, IO, CD4, Viral Load, NLR     ABSTRACT   HIV is a RNA virus from Retroviridae family and Lentivirinae subfamily. The immune system is the main target of the virus. The virus remains in the body for a lifetime. Patients HIV can develop Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrom (AIDS) and triggers the occurence of Oppotunistic Infections (OI). The purpose of this study was to determine the effect of CD4, Viral Load, and NLR levels on the incidence of OI. Method: This study is an analytic observational study with a cross-sectional approach. Data collection was carried out through the medical records of HIV/AIDS patients that were admitted at VCT Polyclinic from September 2021 to November 2021. Sample consisted of 60 patients and the data analysis methods used Mann Whitney Test, Chi-Square Test, and the Multiple Logistics Regression Test. Result: 24 patients with HIV experienced OI (40%). Based on Mann Whitney Test, the CD4 levels had p-value=0.00 (p<0.05) it was statistically related to the incidence of OI, and Multiple Logistics Regression Test, it was found that the CD4 levels had an OR = 0.985 and Nagelkerke R Square = 0.492, which means CD4 levels on the incidence of OI as much as 49%. Based on the Mann Whitney test, the NLR level has a p-value of 0.126 (p>0.05) meaning there was not any statistical relation with OI. Based on the Mann-Whitney test, the Viral Load level has a p-value of 0.039 (p<0.05). Conclusion: There was a correlation between CD4 level and the occurrence of OI in HIV patients, but viral load and NLR not.   Keywords: HIV/AIDS, OI, CD4, Viral Load, NLR